Manajemen Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 pada Puasa Ramadan
Abstract
Jumlah penyandang diabetes melitus (DM) tipe 2 di kalangan muslim global diperkirakan mencapai 148 juta, dengan sekitar 116 juta di antaranya melaksanakan ibadah puasa Ramadan. Sebanyak 45% populasi muslim dunia berada di kawasan Asia Tenggara, termasuk Indonesia sebagai negara dengan populasi muslim terbesar. Kondisi ini menimbulkan tantangan klinis karena banyak penyandang DM tipe 2 tetap berpuasa meskipun berisiko mengalami komplikasi akibat perubahan pola makan dan pengobatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi keamanan dan efektivitas manajemen diabetes tipe 2 selama puasa Ramadan serta menyusun rekomendasi berbasis bukti bagi penyandang diabetes. Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan literatur sistematis terhadap studi-studi yang membahas manajemen DM tipe 2 selama Ramadan, dengan pencarian artikel dari database PubMed, Scopus, dan Google Scholar menggunakan kata kunci “diabetes tipe 2”, dan “puasa ramadhan”. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan bahwa dengan perencanaan yang baik, termasuk edukasi pra-Ramadan, penyesuaian terapi farmakologis, dan pemantauan glukosa yang adekuat, sebagian besar penyandang DM tipe 2 dapat menjalankan puasa dengan aman. Namun, komplikasi seperti hipoglikemia, hiperglikemia, ketoasidosis diabetikum (KAD), dan dehidrasi tetap menjadi risiko utama bagi mereka yang berpuasa tanpa panduan medis. Terdapat kebutuhan mendesak akan pedoman praktis dan individualisasi manajemen DM tipe 2 selama Ramadan untuk meminimalkan risiko komplikasi dan meningkatkan keamanan beribadah bagi penyandang diabetes.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33854/heme.v7i3.1723
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