Inflamasi pada Coronavirus Disease 2019
Abstract
Latar Belakang: Desember tahun 2019, terjadi wabah pneumonia yang tidak diketahui penyebab pastinya. Wabah ini pertama kali ditemukan di Wuhan, Provinsi Hubei, Tiongkok. WHO secara resmi menamakan penyakit ini COVID-19.
Pembahasan: Sars-CoV-2 merupakan virus RNA strain tunggal positif, berkapsul dan tidak bersegmen yang memiliki 4 protein. Virus ini menular melalui droplet nuclei. Virus memiliki 5 tahapan saat menginfeksi yang akan terjadi apabila virus berikatan dengan reseptor ACE-2. Proses inflamasi terjadi akibat pelepasan sitokin IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-a. Infeksi dimulai dari masa inkubasi sampai dengan terjadinya respon imun berlebihan yang menyebabkan hiperinflamasi pada paru yang dapat berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya ARDS. berat kasusnya COVID-19 dibagi menjadi tanpa gejala, ringan, sedang, berat dan kritis.
Kesimpulan: COVID-19 adalah penyakit infeksi pernapasan yang disebabkan oleh Sars-CoV-2 yang dapat menyebabkan hiperinflamasi. Infeksi COVID-19 dapat menimbulkan gejala ringan, sedang, berat atau bahkan kritis.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
. Guan, W. et al. (2020) ‘Clinical Characteristics of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in China’, New England Journal of Medicine, 382(18), pp. 1708– 1720. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.
. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Pedoman Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19). Vol. Revisi ke-, Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Jakarta; 2020. 1– 214 p
. Feng He, Yu D, Weina Li. Corona virus disease 2019: what we know?. J med viral, 2020; pp 1-7
. dr. Fathiyah Isbaniah, Sp.P(K), FISR (PDPI) dkk, Pedoman Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Covid 19, Direktoran Jenderal Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Kemenkes:2020
. Humairo, A., Pratiwi, A. Y., Mariyam, S., & Hasanah,
N. (2021). Upaya Pencegahan Pemutusan Mata Rantai Penularan Virus Corona Di Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Al-Hanif Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (Pkm) Kreasi Mahasiswa Manajemen, 1(1), 36–42
. Rantai Penularan Virus Corona Di Yayasan Pondok Pesantren Al-Hanif Kota Tangerang Selatan. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (Pkm) Kreasi Mahasiswa Manajemen, 1(1), 36–42.
. Yuliana Y. Corona virus diseases (Covid-19): Sebuah tinjauan literatur. Wellness Heal Mag. 2020;2(1):187– 92.
. Wu, F., Zhao, S., Yu, B., Chen, Y., Wang, W., et. al. Complete genome characterisation of a novel coronavirus associated with severe human respiratory disease in wuhan 2020. Biorxiv. 2020. Available from https//doi.org/0.1101/2020.01.24.919 183v2.
. Chan JFW, Kok KH, Zhu Z, Chu H, To KKW, Yuan S, Yuen KY. Genomic characterization of the 2019 novel human-pathogenic coronavirus isolated from a patient with atypical pneumonia after visiting Wuhan. Emerg Microbes Infect. 2020; 9: 221–236. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2020.1719902. A correction for this article is available at https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1737364.
. Zhang, T. et.al. Probable Pangolin Origin of SARS- COV-2 Associated with the Covid-19 Outbreak. Current Biology. 2020; 30:1346-1351
. Sahin, A. R. (2020) ‘2019 Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Outbreak: A Review of the Current Literature’, Eurasian Journal of Medicine and Oncology, 4(1), pp. 1–7. doi: 10.14744/ ejmo.2020.12220.
. Zou, X., et.al. Single-cell RNA seq data analysis on the receptor ACE2 expression reveals the potential risk of different human organs vulnerable to 2019-mCov infection. Frontiers of Medicine. 2020; 14: 185-192.
. Morawska L, Cao J. Airborne transmission of SARS- CoV-2: The world should face the reality. Environ Int. 2020;139:105730.
. Yufang S, Ying W, Changsun S, et al. COVID-19 infection: the perspective on immune response. CDD Press. https:// doi.org./10.1038.s41418-020-0530-3
. Zhou, P., et.al. A Pneumonia Outbreak Associated with a New Coronavirus of Probable Bat Origin. Nature. 2020; 579:270-273.
. Ahmed S, Rand R. The possible immunological pathways for the variable immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 infections among healthy adults, elderly, and children. EGJM 2020, 17(4),em202.
. Gennaro, F. Di, Pizzol, D., Marotta, C., Antunes, M., Racalbuto, V., Veronese, N., & Smith, L. Coronavirus Diseases ( COVID-19 ) Current Status and Future Perspectives : A Narrative Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public HealthEnvironmental Research and Public Health. 2020; 17(2690) :1-11.
. Rabaan, A.A.; Al-Ahmed, S.H.; Muhammad, J.; Khan, A.; Sule, A.A; Tirupathi, R.; Mutair, A.A.; Alhumaid, S.; Al-Omari, A.; Dhawan,M.; et al. Role of Inflammatory Cytokines in COVID-19 Patients: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms, Immune Functions, Immunopathology and Immunomodulatory Drugs to Counter Cytokine Storm. Vaccines 2021, 9, 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines9050436
. Huang, C., Wang, Y., Li, X., Ren, L., Zhao, J., Hu, Y., Zhang, L., Fan, G., et al. 2020. Clinical features of patients infected with 2019 novel coronavirus in Wuhan, China. Lancet. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30183-5.
. Vasarmidi, E., Tsitoura, E., Spandidos, D.A., Tzanakis, N., Antoniou, K.M. 2020. Pulmonary fibrosis in the aftermath of the Covid-19 era. Exp. Ther. Med. 20:2557–2560.
. Perhimpunan Dokter Paru Indonesia. Pedoman Tatalaksana COVID-19. PDPI. 2020;3: 5-7.
. AZ, Rakhmatullah R. Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) pada Pneumonia COVID-19. J Anaesth Pain. 2021;2(1):11–24.
. Orru, G., et al. 2020. Neurological complications of Covid-19 and possible neuroinvasion pathways: a systematic review. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17 (18). doi: 10.3390/ijerph17186688.
. Thakkar, S., Arora, S., Kumar, A., Jaswaney, R., Faisaluddin, M., Ammad, M., et al. 2020. A systematic review of the cardiovascular manifestations and outcomes in the setting of Coronavirus-19 Disease short title: Thakkar, et al., Covid-19 and CV manifestations. medRxiv, 2020.08.09.20171330. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.08.09.20171330.
. Minga, G.I., Golemi, L., Tafur, A., and Pursnani, A. 2020. The Novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) and its impact on cardiovascular disease. Cardiol Rev, 28:163–176. doi:10.1097/CRD.0000000000000317
. Long, B., Brady, W.J., Koyfman, A., and Gottlieb, M. 2020. Cardiovascular complications in Covid-19. Am J Emerg Med, 38:1504–1507. doi:10.1016/j. ajem.2020.04.048.
. Nobel, Y.R., et al. 2020. Gastrointestinal symptoms and Covid-19: case-control study from the United States. Gastroenterology. 159(1): 373-375e2.doi: 10.1053/j. gastro.2020.04.017
. Pan, L., et al. 2020. Clinical characteristics of Covid-19 patients with digestive symptoms in Hubei, China. The American Journal of Gastroenterology, 115(May):1. doi: 10.14309/ajg.0000000000000620.
. Jin, X., et al. 2020. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of 74 cases of coronavirus- infected disease 2019 (Covid-19) with gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020- 320926.
. Palevsky, P.M., Radhakrishnan, J. and Townsend, R.R. 2020. Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19): Issues related to kidney disease and hypertension. Uptodate. Last updated: Nov 18.
. Pan, X., Xu, D., Zhang, H., et al. 2020. Identification of a potential mechanism of acute kidney injury during the Covid-19 outbreak: A study based on singlecell transcriptome analysis. Intensive Care Med, 46(6):1114- 1116.
. Joannidis, M., Forni, L.G., Klein, S.J., et al. 2020. Lung- kidney interactions in critically ill patients: consensus report of the Acute Disease Quality Initiative (ADQI) 21 Workgroup. Intensiv Care Med, 46:654–672.
. Su, H., Yang, M., Wan, C., et al. 2020. Renal histopathological analysis of 26 post mortem findings of patients with Covid-19 in China. Kidney Int, 98(1):219- 227.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Baiturrahmah Medical Journal
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.