Analisis Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kejadian Hipertensi pada Pasien Glomerulonefritis Akut Pasca Streptococcus
Abstract
Pendahuluan: Glomerulonefritis akut pasca Streptococcus (GNAPS) merupakan bentuk glomerulonefritis terbanyak pada anak dengan angka kejadian tinggi di negara berkembang. Manifestasi klinis GNAPS pada anak bisa beragam, mulai hipertensi ringan sampai krisis, dan berbagai komplikasi seperti gangguan ginjal akut dan hipertensi ensefalopati.Tujuan penelitian: Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan kejadian hipertensi pada pasien GNAPS di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP DR M.Djamil Padang tahun 2015-2017 Metode: Penelitian dilakukan pada Desember 2017 – Maret 2018 di Bagian Ilmu Kesehatan Anak RSUP Dr. M Djamil Padang. Penelitian deskriptif analitik retrospektif dengan desain cross sectional dan teknik total sampling. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 27 pasien. Analisis yang digunakan yaitu uji Fisher’s Exact dan regresi logistik. Hasil: Hasil penelitian mendapati rasio laki-laki dan perempuan 1,5:1. Umur, jenis kelamin, status gizi, hematuria, proteinuria, LFG, ASTO positif tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi (p=0,64; p=1,00; p=1,00; p=0,05; p=0,30; p=0,58; p=0,61, berurutan). Edema terdapat pada 74,1% pasien, dengan 90% yang mengalami hipertensi (p=0,02). Analisis multivariat terhadap edema dan hematuria menunjukkan edema adalah faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi (p=0,033). Kesimpulan: Edema adalah faktor yang signifikan dan paling berpengaruh terhadap kejadian hipertensi pada pasien GNAPS. Diperlukan kewaspadaan akan terjadinya hipertensi pada pasien GNAPS yang datang dengan edema.
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