LAPORAN KASUS : INFEKSI GIGI SEBAGAI PENYEBAB BAKTEREMIA PADA ENDOKARDITIS INFEKTIF

Dian Puspita, Citra Kiki Krevani

Abstract


Pendahuluan: Endokarditis infektif merupakan penyakit yang mematikan dengan angka mortalitas yang tinggi yaitu 20% dalam 30 hari. Penyebab terjadinya endokarditis infektif pada kasus ini adalah Streptococcus viridans yang merupakan flora oral. Pasien didiagnosis dengan endokarditis infektif definite berdasarkan keluhan, temuan klinis, dan pemeriksaan penunjang. Kasus dan Penatalaksanaan: Keluhan utama pasien adalah demam tinggi sejak 2 minggu sebelum masuk rumah sakit. Demam juga disertai dengan munculnya bintik kemerahan pada kulit dan sesak nafas. Pasien juga mengeluhkan sakit gigi dan berlubang sejak 3 minggu ini, namun tidak berobat. Pada pemeriksaan gigi ditemukan infeksi pada gigi molar 1 dan 2 kanan atas yang berlubang. Pada jantung ditemukan bising pansistolik pada apeks jantung yang menjalar ke aksila. Pada ekokardiografi ditemukan severe mitral regurgitation et causa prolaps Anterior Mitral Leaflet (AML) dengan vegetasi menempel di AML. Pasien diberikan terapi vancomycin 2x500 mg(iv), Gentamicin 1x160 mg. Pemeriksaan kultur darah ditemukan Streptococcus viridans. Streptococcus viridans merupakan bakteri oral yang berkontribusi menimbulkan penyakit endokarditis infektif melalui menyikat gigi, pengunyahan, maupun prosedur gigi. Simpulan: Kebersihan dan kesehatan gigi dan mulut sangat penting untuk dijaga. Selain pasien mempunyai riwayat endokarditis infektif sebelumnya, riwayat katup prostetik, atau penyakit jantung bawaan disarankan untuk diberikan profilaksis antibiotik sebelum dilakukan prosedur gigi.

 

Introduction: Infective endocarditis is a life-threatening disease with an overall mortality rate of 20% at 30 days. The cause of endocarditis infective in this case is Streptococcus viridans which is an oral flora bacteriae. Patients was diagnosed as definitive infective endocarditis by anamnesis and clinical findings. Case and Management: The main complaint of this patient was a high fever from 2 weeks before admission. Fever was also accompanied by the appearance of reddish spots on the skin and shortness of breath. Patient also complained of toothache and cavities from 3 weeks ago, but did not seek treatment. Dental examination found a dental infection in the right upper first and second molar. Pansystolic murmur was heard at the apex of the heart and radiates to the axilla. Severe mitral regurgitation caused by prolapsed Anterior Mitral Leaflet (AML) with vegetation attached to
 AML
was identified by echocardiography. Patient was treated with vancomycin 2x500 mg (iv) and gentamicin 1x160 mg (iv). Blood cultures in this case found Streptococcus viridans. Streptococcus viridians is part of the normal flora of the mouth, usually responsible for infective endocarditis through tooth brushing, mastication, and dental procedures. Conclusion: Maintaining the good oral health and hygiene is very important. Patients with previous infective endocarditis, prosthetic valve, or untreated congenital heart disease who will undergo dental procedures should be considered to get antibiotic prophylaxis.

 


Keywords


Infeksi Gigi; Endokarditis Infektif; Streptococcus viridans

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33854/jbd.v6i2.303

DOI (PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)): https://doi.org/10.33854/jbd.v6i2.303.g223

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