PENGARUH PERMEN KARET XYLITOL SETELAH TERAPI SCALING DAN ROOT PLANING TERHADAP SPESIES MIKROBIOTA ORAL DALAM SALIVA ANAK STUNTING

Gian Ernesto, Cimi Ilmiawati, Desmawati Desmawati, Dinda Ratna Juwita, Muhammad Dzaky Sayyid Effendi, Thifla Rafifa Wirza, Bobby Bobby, Fathan Alif Abdani

Abstract


Introduction: Stunting is a condition caused by chronic malnutrition, which affects physical, cognitive, and oral health in children, including gingivitis. Reduced salivary flow in stunted children disrupts oral hygiene and increases the risk of oral infections due to oral microbiota dysbiosis. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of xylitol chewing gum as an adjunct to Scaling and Root Planing (SRP) therapy in improving oral health and microbiota in stunted children. Methods: Eighteen stunted children aged 6-12 years with gingivitis were randomly assigned to two groups: the SRP group (n=9) and the SRP + xylitol chewing gum group (n=9). SRP was performed to reduce gingival inflammation, and xylitol chewing gum was administered for 14 days following SRP. Clinical parameters were assessed using the Gingival Index (GI) and the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). Saliva samples were collected before and after treatment for microbiota profiling using 16S rRNA metagenomic sequencing. Results: In the control group (SRP), the average GI score significantly decreased (p=0.00), but the reduction in OHI-S scores did not show a statistically significant difference (p=0.06). In the SRP + xylitol group, there was a significant reduction in both GI (p=0.00) and OHI-S scores (p=0.00). Microbiota analysis showed an increase in beneficial bacteria and a reduction in pathogenic species, particularly in the SRP + xylitol group. Conclusion: SRP is effective in reducing gingival inflammation in stunted children, and the addition of xylitol chewing gum further improves oral health by enhancing salivary flow and modulating the oral microbiota. This combined therapy may offer a promising strategy for improving oral health in children with stunting

Keywords


chewing gum, gingivitis, microbiota, stunting, xylitol

References


Ramadhan KI. Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Penanganan Stunting. Jurnal Pengabdian Kesehatan Masyarakat (Pengmaskesmas). 2022 Jun 30;2(1).

Rahman H, Rahmah M, Saribulan N. Upaya Penanganan Stunting di Indonesia: Analisis Bibliometrik Dan Analisis Konten. Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan Suara Khatulistiwa. 2023 Jun 30;8(1):44-59.

Shoofiyah S, Pelawi AM, Dedu BS. Hubungan Stunting dengan Perkembangan Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Balita. Jurnal Penelitian Perawat Profesional. 2024 Apr 2;6(5):1989-98.

Habimana JD, Uwase A, Korukire N, Jewett S, Umugwaneza M, Rugema L, Munyanshongore C. Prevalence and Correlates of Stunting among Children Aged 6–23 Months from Poor Households in Rwanda. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2023 Feb 24;20(5):4068.

Sadida ZJ, Indriyanti R, Setiawan AS. Does growth stunting correlate with oral health in children?: a systematic review. European Journal of Dentistry. 2022 Feb;16(01):32-40.

Wulandari RW, Kasuma N, Afriwardi. The Relationship Between Calcium Intake and Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase Enzyme with Delayed Eruption of Permanent Canines in Stunting Children. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2023;16(3):1189–93.

Salsabila N, Kasuma N, Yerizel E. Determinasi Jumlah Bakteri Porphyromonas Gingivalis ATCC 33277 pada Saliva Anak Stunting. e-GiGi. 2024;12(1):26-31.

Jayasinghe TN, Harrass S, Erdrich S, King S, Eberhard J. Protein intake and oral health in older adults—a narrative review. Nutrients. 2022 Oct 25;14(21):4478.

Putri TN, Indriyanti R, Setiawan AS. A descriptive study on oral hygiene practice and caries increment in children with growth stunting. Frontiers in Oral Health. 2023 Nov 6;4:1236228.

Giordano-Kelhoffer B, Lorca C, March Llanes J, Rábano A, Del Ser T, Serra A, Gallart-Palau X. Oral microbiota, its equilibrium and implications in the pathophysiology of human diseases: A systematic review. Biomedicines. 2022 Jul 27;10(8):1803.

Fajrin FN, Fitri H, Kasuma N, Suharti N. Efektivitas Penggunaan Aplikasi Pasta Gigi yang Diformulasi Zinc dan Suplemen Oral Zinc Setelah Scaling Root Planing Terhadap Kadar Tissue Inhibitor Of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Saliva Pada Gingivitis. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Baiturrahmah. 2019;6(2):152–63.

Kasuma N, Arma U, Risalina L, Liputo I, Fajrin FN. Zn as the factor of alkaline phosphatase in periodontal patients consuming minangkabau food in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science. 2019 Apr 6;18(2):228–32.

Kasuma N, Tofrizal, Fitri H, Nurul Fajrin F, Ernesto G, Ratna Juwita D, et al. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Salivary MMP-8 Level in Male Wistar Rats with Experimental Periodontitis for a Better Dental Care. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research [Internet]. 2021;14(3):977–81. Available from: http://www.jidmr.com

Tofrizal T, Fitri H, Nurul Fajrin F, Ernesto G, Ratna Juwita D, Octaricha T, et al. Effect of Zinc Consumption on Salivary Interleukin 1-Beta Levels in Periodontitis: An Experimental Study on Periodontitis Male Wistar Rats. Res Sq [Internet]. 2022; Available from: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1701698/v1

Söderling E, Pienihäkkinen K. Effects of xylitol chewing gum and candies on the accumulation of dental plaque: a systematic review. Clinical oral investigations. 2022 Jan 1:1-1.

Wu YF, Salamanca E, Chen IW, Su JN, Chen YC, Wang SY, Sun YS, Teng NC, Chang WJ. Xylitol-Containing Chewing Gum Reduces Cariogenic and Periodontopathic Bacteria in Dental Plaque—Microbiome Investigation. Frontiers in Nutrition. 2022 May 11;9:882636.

Kasuma N. Fisiologi dan Patologi Saliva. Padang: Andalas University Press; 2015.

Butera A, Gallo S, Pascadopoli M, Maiorani C, Milone A, Alovisi M, Scribante A. Paraprobiotics in non-surgical periodontal therapy: Clinical and microbiological aspects in a 6-month follow-up domiciliary protocol for oral hygiene. Microorganisms. 2022 Feb 1;10(2):337.

Fitri H, Kasuma N, Fajrin FN, Sovira GD, Aulia RK, Huriyah H. Description of the Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (Ohi-S) in Stunting Children. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2023 Apr 1;16(2):656-60.

Belstrøm D, Grande MA, Sembler‐Møller ML, Kirkby N, Cotton SL, Paster BJ, Holmstrup P. Influence of periodontal treatment on subgingival and salivary microbiotas. Journal of Periodontology. 2018 May;89(5):531-9.

Choi JU, Lee JB, Kim KH, Kim S, Seol YJ, Lee YM, Rhyu IC. Comparison of periodontopathic bacterial profiles of different periodontal disease severity using multiplex real-time polymerase chain reaction. Diagnostics. 2020 Nov 17;10(11):965.

Sadida ZJ, Indriyanti R, Setiawan AS. Does growth stunting correlate with oral health in children?: a systematic review. European Journal of Dentistry. 2022 Feb;16(01):32-40.

Pratiwi AP, Adhani R, Wardani IK. Correlation of salivary flow rate in stunting children to dental caries level the overview of elementary school students in sungai tiung, kecamatan cempaka, Banjarbaru. Dentin. 2023 Apr 6;7(1).

Andres SF, Zhang Y, Kuhn M, Scottoline B. Building better barriers: how nutrition and undernutrition impact pediatric intestinal health. Frontiers in immunology. 2023 Jul 21;14:1192936.

Nerawati M, Kasuma N, Yerizel E, Wedagama DM. Relationship of the Number of Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria ATCC 25175 With DMF-T Index Based on Stunting Occurrence in Andalas Health Center Patients in Padang City. J Int Dent Med Res. 2022;15(3):1189–93.

Rafeek R, Carrington CV, Gomez A, Harkins D, Torralba M, Kuelbs C, Addae J, Moustafa A, Nelson KE. Xylitol and sorbitol effects on the microbiome of saliva and plaque. Journal of oral microbiology. 2019 Jan 1;11(1):1536181.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33854/jbd.v11i2.1711

DOI (PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)): https://doi.org/10.33854/jbd.v11i2.1711.g570

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2025 Gian Ernesto, Cimi Ilmiawati, Desmawati Desmawati, Dinda Ratna Juwita, Muhammad Dzaky Sayyid Effendi, Thifla Rafifa Wirza, Bobby Bobby, Fathan Alif Abdani

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.