PERFORMANCE: Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship Research provides a venue for high quality manuscripts dealing with management and entrepreneurship in its broadest sense. The editorial board encourages manuscripts that are international in scope; however, readers can also find papers investigating domestic issues with global relevance. PERFORMANCE is published by Universitas Baiturrahmah (UNBRAH) Padang. PERFORMANCE is an open access journal which means that all contents is freely available without charge to the user or his/her institution (read more). This journal is published biannually (March and September). The scope of this journal includes empirical and theoretical articles related to the business strategy, management, human resource management, organizational behavior, marketing, supply chain management, finance, corporate governance, economics, entrepreneurship, knowledge management, and innovation.