Peran Vitamin D dalam Regulasi Pubertas Dini dan Pubertas Prekoks Sentral pada Anak: Tinjauan Sistematis

Diana Nurafifah, Shavita Tri Andara Jovi, Silva Putri Fikma, Kurnia Maidarmi Handayani

Abstract


Latar belakang: Pubertas prekoks, khususnya central precocious puberty (CPP), semakin sering dilaporkan dan berhubungan dengan konsekuensi jangka panjang. Vitamin D berperan dalam regulasi sumbu hipotalamus–hipofisis–gonad (HPG), metabolisme tulang, dan fungsi reproduksi, namun bukti hubungan dengan pubertas dini masih bervariasi. Tujuan: Meninjau secara sistematis hubungan antara status vitamin D dan pubertas prekoks/CPP pada anak. Metode: Tinjauan ini mengikuti pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan di PubMed, Scopus, dan EBSCOhost untuk artikel berbahasa Inggris tahun 2014–2024 dengan populasi anak usia 5–12 tahun, penilaian serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D], luaran pubertas prekoks/CPP, dan desain observasional. Sepuluh studi disertakan. Hasil: Mayoritas studi melaporkan kadar 25(OH)D lebih rendah dan prevalensi defisiensi vitamin D lebih tinggi pada anak perempuan dengan CPP dibanding kontrol. Kadar vitamin D rendah sering berhubungan dengan peningkatan risiko CPP, maturasi tulang lebih cepat, dan indeks massa tubuh lebih tinggi, meskipun beberapa studi tidak menemukan perbedaan bermakna. Obesitas, gaya hidup sedentari, paparan sinar matahari, dan faktor genetik tampak memengaruhi asosiasi ini. Kesimpulan: Status vitamin D merupakan salah satu faktor dalam regulasi waktu pubertas, tetapi bukan determinan tunggal. Optimalisasi kadar vitamin D dan intervensi gaya hidup dapat dipertimbangkan sebagai bagian pendekatan komprehensif, sementara bukti penggunaan vitamin D sebagai terapi tunggal pada CPP masih terbatas.


Keywords


central precocious puberty; pubertas prekoks; pubertas dini; vitamin D

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33854/heme.v8i1.2095

DOI (PDF): https://doi.org/10.33854/heme.v8i1.2095.g649

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