Aspek Imunologi pada Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Graves’ Disease

Dinda Aprilia, Eva Decroli, Alexander Kam, Sri Puji Rahayuningsih

Abstract


Graves’ Disease (GD) adalah penyebab hipertiroidisme paling umum yang mengenai kelenjar tiroid. Penyakit ini merupakan salah satu bagian dari Autoimmune Thyroid Disease (AITD) yang bersifat spesifik organ (tiroid), yang ditandai dengan adanya autoantibodi yang menstimulasi Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Receptor (TSHR) pada kelenjar tiroid yang akan menyebabkan hiperplasia tiroid atau struma serta peningkatan produksi dan sekresi hormon tiroid. Graves’ disease merupakan interaksi yang kompleks antara mekanisme imunologi dan disfungsi tiroid. Penyakit ini berdampak negatif pada kualitas hidup dan dapat menimbulkan risiko psikosis, takiaritmia, dan gagal jantung. Sifat autoimunitas GD menyebabkan penyakit ini dapat kambuh kembali, sehingga pengelolaannya memerlukan waktu yang lebih lama, sama seperti pada penyakit autoimun lainnya. Pada penyakit ini, target pengobatan terbaru yaitu dengan memerhatikan mekanisme imunopatogenesis dasar terjadinya penyakit. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman yang mendalam tentang aspek imunologis GD, dapat memfasilitasi pengembangan terapi yang lebih baik, yaitu terapi yang berfokus pada modulasi respons imun yang menjadi fokus utama dalam upaya untuk mengendalikan aktivitas penyakit dan mencegah komplikasi jangka panjang.

Keywords


Graves’ disease, tatalaksana terbaru, imunologi

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33854/heme.v7i3.1722

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